This paper focuses on the diaspora Chinese community in Limerick – an Irish county town in the southwest of the Republic of Ireland – and examines how Chinese parents have responded to the education policy shift resulting from the 2017 Irish foreign language strategy, which added Chinese to the official educational curriculum. A semi-structured group interview was conducted with four Chinese-speaking parents. Analysis of the data revealed that identity preservation and maintaining bonds with extended family are the predominant expressed reasons for parents to cultivate their children’s Chinese proficiency. English and Irish are prioritized over Chinese. Though the parents hold positive attitudes towards the inclusion of Chinese as a school subject in Ireland, they are disempowered from taking advantage of participating in the implementation of this national language shift due to a lack of access to social, cultural, and economic capital. Analysed through a Bourdieuian lens, the findings further expose the limitations or constraints placed on family language policy and the discrepancy between macro- and micro-level language policies. The paper is intended to shed light on education, social justice, and equality, bridging the gap between micro-level family language practices and macro-level language policy.

In recent decades, the commodification of the English language has aroused intensive research interest in the sociolinguistics on a global scale, but studies on the commodification of the Chinese language are relatively rare. Most studies take a critical approach in relation to its adverse impacts on minority rights and social justice. This study examined the language landscape in Chiangmai, Thailand, and the linguistic beliefs of local Thai Chinese language learners. Based on their feedback, this study investigated the commodification of Chinese language education in the community of Chinese language learners in Chiangmai. We found that from a less critical perspective, the commodification of a second language provides more accessible and affordable educational opportunities for learners, especially those from low-income families, and at the same time language proficiency can broaden learners’ career choices and provide employees with additional value in industries, such as tourism, commerce, and services. This finding implies that language commodification, rather than typically being associated with linguistic imperialism and unbalanced socio-economic status, can be a contributing factor in promoting higher-education availability and social sustainability in certain circumstances. There may be some mediating factors between the commodification of language and changes in the sustainable balance of language, opening up space for future research to explore.

新质生产力的发展对区域国别外语人才培养模式提出了新需求。本研究通过对国内某知名高校区域国别人才培养模式进行案例探究，以学生深度访谈为基础，探讨新质生产力背景下区域国别外语人才培养的机遇和挑战。研究表明，尽管现有高校人才培养模式取得了一定成果，但在知识体系和素养方面仍存在不足，应适当融入以外语为基础、与目标国家和区域科技行业相关的教学素材，加强多学科合作，培养行业经验，从而提升学生的科学素养和专业能力。本研究为区域国别外语人才培养提供相应参照，为外语学科在新质生产力时代下的内涵式发展提供一定启示。

全球化时代的语言治理是当前语言规划研究的新兴领域之一，也是国家语言治理能力建设的重要理论与实践议题。虽然受到学界的广泛关注，现有研究仍缺乏对语言治理原则与框架、理论与实践的深入探讨和案例分析。本文回顾了语言治理作为概念，在语言规划理论发展中的新内涵。与此同时结合理论，聚焦美国官方的语言立法文件和科技公司的社区语言规范，从多重视角探讨全球化时代语言治理实践的后现代转向及其影响。从批判的视角观察，美国语言治理的后现代转向的理论目标和实践结果存在矛盾性。在未来建构人类命运共同体的过程中，需要全球化语言治理的中国方案。

智慧城市是当前城市建设和发展的重要趋势。当前智慧城市语言服务具有语言服务数据化、计算机中介交流普遍化和人机耦合三大特征。语言数据对智慧城市建设具有重要作用，但受限于政府重视程度不够、人才培养、行业标准和立法限制等问题，仍然是城市大数据的孤岛。故需创新人才培养模式，增强语言数据收集、研究、使用的制度设计，鼓励语言数据在智慧城市建设中的研究和应用。同时，语言产业的一系列转型，要求进一步关注、研究这一过程中数字化鸿沟、垄断、机会不公平等可能存在的问题。应重视语言服务 “技术化”，同时坚守价值评判的 “人文性”，关注城市市民特别是弱势人群的数字化生存处境。

以 ChatGPT 为代表的 AI 语言大模型和大数据的迅速发展，给语言治理带来了新的挑战，同时也为中国自主的语言治理理论体系建构提供了重要契机。本文回顾了语言规划理论发展史，评述国外语言规划理论的局限性和未来 “数据转向” 的可能性，论证了大数据和语言治理的关系，界定了基于大数据语言治理的内涵和方法论依据，探讨了语言大数据在不同领域语言治理的应用前景，提出在构建中国语言政策与规划知识体系的过程中，应充分运用大数据优势，避免国外语言治理理论的窠臼，推进语言治理研究的数据转向，充分阐释中国的语言治理和社会治理成效，深刻体现中国式现代化的科学内涵。

当前国际中文教育研究多以教师、教材、教法的 “本我视域” 为研究重点，对以受众、学习者为主的 “他者视域” 关注较少。通过对泰国清迈汉语学习者的实证研究，试图从学习者视域理解国际中文教育在海外的社会意义。基于语言信仰的分析框架，设计并开展了问卷和访谈实地调研。研究发现，语言的社会意义主要体现在国家认同和工具认同两项表征，其中作为二语的国际中文更多体现了工具主义的特征。鉴于此，国际中文未来应更加注重工具价值的实现，提升当地人力资本价值，实现其社会使用和传播的本土化。研究为国际中文教育的 “他者视域” 提供了一种新的思路，从教育者和推广者的视角向本土学习者、当地使用者的视角转变，持续关注语言在特定社会文化情境下的自然传播过程和规律。

濒危语言保护与规划是一个全球性语言问题，也是当今世界语言生活的重要课题。苏格兰盖尔语作为苏格兰地区的民族语言，近 500 年来使用人数逐步减少，并于 20 世纪末濒临灭绝。随着 2005 年《盖尔语法案》的通过，近年来苏格兰语言委员会全力推动各个公共部门采取一系列盖尔语复兴实践。本文基于 Lo Bianco 提出的语言政策分类框架，从地位、本体、习得、使用、声望五大领域评析盖尔语保护与发展规划的历史背景、战略举措与实施效果。借鉴和参考苏格兰盖尔语这一濒危语言保护规划的经验和做法，有助于提高国内濒危语言资源保护规划研究的国际视野和政策水平。

本文试图通过构建基于经济、人口、内容、媒体和知识五种因素的互联网空间语言活力指标体系，分析世界各种语言的活力指数和排名情况。在此基础上，进一步解释世界语言的活力指数分布及其原因。研究发现：世界各种语言的活力指数呈现不平衡的长尾分布；世界各语言呈现层级化特征。因为随着互联网技术的发展、在线言语社区的形成，个体的语言选择更加倾向于语言层级体系中的上位语言，人口、经济、媒体等资源逐步集中于几种桥梁语言，而大部分地方性语言和弱势语言则在这一资源集中化的过程中失去活力，成为语言活力指数当中的 “长尾”。

The standardization of the national language has been a long-standing policy in China. Although many studies describe this policy, few have examined its significance using large-scale census data. To explore the socio-economic factors associated with this language policy, this study utilizes data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). We investigated the choice of residents between Putonghua and local dialects during interviews in 1,233 cities and examined its association with 10 socio-economic factors. The findings reveal that: (1) language choice correlates with immigrants’ length of residence; (2) Putonghua use is positively associated with higher socio-economic status; and (3) dialect use correlates with greater neighborhood intimacy. These results illuminate the patterns of language use among urban residents and the complex socio-economic factors involved, shedding light on the implications of the decades-long promotion of Putonghua. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using probit regression models with large-scale census data for multifactorial exploration.

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in language planning in specific domains (e.g. business, courts, science, schools, communities, families, etc.). This paper reviews 356 articles on language planning in specific domains in four preeminent international journals and four leading Chinese journals to develop a portrayal of scholarly endeavors over the past 15 years. By a systematic analysis of domains, geographical distribution, and choice of methodology, this review identifies the global and local foci of studies published in international and Chinese journals. The findings suggest that approaches to language planning vary, as the Chinese literature tends to project a top-down model whereas international research mostly reflects a bottom-up perspective focusing on the role of individual agency. The findings highlight the integral role of language planning as one of the emerging fields in applied linguistics, and discusses future directions that Chinese research in language policy and planning could take to enable more interactions with international academia.

本文聚焦于人工智能大模型生成语言的治理现状与挑战,探究了生成式大模型带来的AI生成语言治理的新议题。本文回顾传统语言规划到现代语言治理的理论演进,提出生成语言治理需适应治理目标、路径及体系的深刻变化,尤其是在价值观对齐等关键问题上亟待应对。研究总结了国内外生成式AI治理的主要模式:以美国为代表的“弱监管”,依托公司自治和领域监管的结合;欧盟采取“强监管”模式,强调风险分级与透明性要求。然而上述模式在价值观塑造、公众知情权保障以及语料公平利用等方面仍存显著不足。通过分析AI生成语言在教育、舆论和媒体等领域的潜在影响,本文认为未来应提高公众数字素养,建立分级化、情境化的本地化治理方案以化解价值观风险。基于此本文提出了AI生成语言的研究进程:未来,应深化对生成语言价值观、用户认知与行为影响及其治理模式研究,构建符合社会公共利益与文化核心价值的AI价值观治理框架。从学科发展而言,语言学对AI话语的研究应坚持学科本位,融合语言学的传统范式与新技术背景下的理论创新,以守正创新的视角应对生成语言治理的复杂性与多样性挑战。

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